CLICK FRAUD:

CLICK FRAUD:

This Click-fraud occurs when a person or an automated computer program sham-clicks on a pay-per-click advertisement and this is done for the purpose of generating a change per click without having an actual interest in the ad’s content; which is done by companies to deplete their competitor’s advertising budget or by websites to gain revenue. This can be done by some web sites in order to inflate their customer’s bill.

CLICK-BOTS also can be used for click fraud; which are small pieces of code, spreading like viruses on many computers to generate clicks from different IP Addresses. These Bots are generally controlled remotely by the person who wishes to limit the clicks to ads that can generate a real profit.

New Doctoral Degree at Dakota State University in Madison

MADISON, S.D. (AP) — Dakota State University in Madison is reinforcing its specialty in cyber security by offering a new doctoral degree this fall.

The doctor of science in cyber security degree is designed to prepare students for cyber security careers in government agencies and the private sector, or to teach the topic at higher education institutions. It marks just the second doctoral degree offered at Dakota State.

University officials expect to admit 20 students and graduate about 18 annually once the program is fully ramped up. The South Dakota Board of Regents approved the degree this week, but it must also receive approval by the Higher Learning Commission.

(Ref.: Bloomberg Businessweek-04th April 2014)

BULLYING IN CYBER SPACE

CYBER BULLYING:

                This takes place when the internet and related technologies are used to bully other people, in a deliberate, repeated and hostile manner, which can be done via (a) text messages or images; (b) personal remarks posted online;   (c) hate speeches;   (d) instigating others to dislike any gang up on the target by making them the subject of ridicule in forums and   (e) posting false statements in order to humiliate or embarrass another person.

                This Cyber bully attackers may also disclose victim’s personal data e.g. real name, address, or workplace/school/college on the websites. Cases of piggy-backing on victim’s identity are now common, which are used to publish objectionable material in their name that defames or ridicules a subject.

LEGISLATION:

                Legislation for penalizing CYBER BULLYING has been introduced in United States of America and in various US States such as New York, Missouri, Rhode Island and Merry-land and two other states totaling to seven states in the year 2007. California is the state which has passed one of the first Laws in USA in August 2008 to directly deal with Cyber bullying.

                In India, Cyber bullying is covered by section 66 A of the INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT (IT ACT); which is titled, “PUNISHMENT FOR SENDING OFFENSIVE MESSAGES THROUGH COMMUNICATION SERVICE; ETC.” This section provides imprisonment up-to 3 years and fine which penalizes for the following being sent through emails; smses etc.

(i)                  Information that is grossly offensive or has menacing character; or

(ii)                False Information sent for the purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, criminal intimidation, enmity, hatred or ill will.

This section also penalizes for sending attachments in text, image, audio, video as well as any additional electronic record transmitted with the message for the following purposes:

(a)    Causing annoyance or

(b)   Causing inconvenience or

(c)    To deceive or to mislead about the origin of the message.